Heat Exhaustion vs Heatstroke: Signs, First Aid & Prevention

Hot weather is part of summer fun—but too much heat can turn dangerous fast. Whether you’re at a ball game, hiking, working outdoors, or just enjoying a sunny day, it’s important to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion and heatstroke, and know what to do when they strike.

Heat Exhaustion vs. Heat Stroke: What’s the Difference?

Heat Exhaustion is the body’s warning sign that it’s struggling to cool down.

Heatstroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the body’s temperature rises to dangerous levels and can no longer regulate itself.

Signs of Heat Exhaustion

• Heavy sweating

• Cool, pale, clammy skin

• Weakness or fatigue

• Dizziness or fainting

• Headache

• Nausea or vomiting

• Muscle cramps

• Rapid pulse

  
  

What to do:

1. Move the person to a cooler, shaded area.

2. Have them lie down and rest.

3. Loosen or remove tight clothing.

4. Apply cool, wet cloths to their skin or use a fan.

5. Encourage them to sip water or a sports drink.

6. Monitor their condition—heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke if untreated.

   
   

Signs of Heatstroke (Life-Threatening)

• Body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or higher

• Hot, red, dry or damp skin

• Rapid, strong pulse

• Confusion or altered mental state

• Seizures

• Unconsciousness

• Nausea or vomiting

  
  

What to do:

1. Call 911 immediately.

2. Move the person to a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned place

3. Remove excess clothing.

4. Cool the person rapidly:

   • Place cold, wet cloths on their neck, armpits, and groin

   • Apply ice packs if available

   • Use a fan or spray them with cool water

   • If alert and able to swallow, give small sips of water

5. Stay with them until help arrives.

   Do not give fluids if they are unconscious or confused.

   
   

Fast Cooling Saves Lives

Heatstroke can cause damage to the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles—and the longer it goes untreated, the worse the outcome. Fast cooling is the most important step while waiting for EMS.

How to Prevent Heat Illnesses

• Hydrate often, even if you’re not thirsty.

• Wear light, loose-fitting clothing and a wide-brimmed hat.

• Avoid strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day.

• Use sunscreen to prevent sunburn, which affects your body’s cooling.

• Never leave children or pets in a parked car, even for a few minutes.

• Take frequent breaks in the shade or air conditioning.

  
  

Conclusion 

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke can happen to anyone—even healthy, active people. By recognizing the signs early and responding quickly, you can protect yourself and others from a serious, even fatal, emergency.